Types of engines
At present, there are mainly in-line (L-type) engines, V-type (VR-type) engines, W-type engines and horizontally opposed engines. The following are their characteristics.
1. Inline engine
The in-line engine is the most widely used cylinder arrangement form in automobiles, especially the engine with displacement below 2.5L. Its characteristic is that all cylinders are on one plane, and only one cylinder head is used, and the structure of cylinder block and crankshaft is relatively simple. The advantages of this type of engine are compact size, high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics, less fuel consumption, and lower manufacturing cost.
2. V-type engine
The V-shaped engine shortens the length and height of the body, and the lower installation position is convenient for loading in a car with a lower drag coefficient. At the same time, thanks to the opposite arrangement of the cylinders, it can also offset part of the vibration, making the engine run more smoothly and quietly. The disadvantage of the V-type engine is that two cylinder heads must be used, and the structure is more complicated and the cost is higher.
After its width is increased in addition, the space on both sides of the engine is small, and it is difficult to arrange other devices.
3. VR-type engine
In order to meet the needs of horizontally installing high-power engines on medium and low-end vehicles, a VR-type engine was developed. Six cylinders arranged offset from each other by an angle of 15° or less, are housed in a less wide and shorter engine block. This type of engine differs from a V-type engine in that it has only one cylinder head and is narrower than a V-type engine.
These advantages make it possible to install compact VR6 engines on vehicles such as the Volkswagen Golf. This kind of engine with a relatively special cylinder arrangement is widely used in Volkswagen models, and two displacements of 3.2L and 3.6L have been introduced. Among them, the 3.2L VR6 engine was once installed on the Golf R32 and Audi TT, and the 3.6L model was used in R36, Touareg, Phaeton and other models.
4. W-type engine
The W-engine could have been made shorter, which would have saved the space the engine took up while reducing weight, but it was wider and made for a fuller engine bay. Common W-type engines include VW and Audi's W8 and W12 engines. Due to the large number of cylinders, this type of engine has a relatively large displacement and stronger power.
5. Horizontally opposed engine
Due to the high manufacturing cost and process difficulty of this kind of engine, only Porsche and Subaru are currently using it in the world. Subaru cars are almost all boxer engines, and they are famous for this.